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organic foods, honeybee, pollution, tools of persusion
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Tools of Persuasion
Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view. According to the ancient
Greek philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos. Ethos is a
speaker’s way of convincing the audience that she is a credible source. An audience will consider a speaker
credible if she seems trustworthy, reliable, and sincere. This can be done in many ways. For example, a
speaker can develop ethos by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all,
you would be more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a
firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person who has
their best interests at *****. If an audience cannot trust you, you will not be able to persuade them. Pathos is
a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a speaker who is trying to
convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These
words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, a charity
organization that helps animals might show the audience pictures of injured dogs and cats. These images are
intended to fill the viewers with pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals, they will be more likely to
donate money. Logos is the use of facts, information, statistics, or other evidence to make your argument
more convincing. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have data to back up your claims.
For example, a commercial for soap might tell you that laboratory tests have shown that their soap kills all
7,000,000 of the bacteria living on your hands right now. This piece of information might make you more
likely to buy their brand of soap. Presenting this evidence is much more convincing than simply saying “our
soap is the best!” Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos; the more facts a speaker includes in his
argument, the more likely you are to think that he is educated and trustworthy. Although ethos, pathos, and
logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when they are used together. ******, most
speakers use a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audiences. The next time you listen
to a speech, watch a commercial, or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the
lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion
.
1) As used in the paragraph, what is the best antonym for credible? [2]
a. unintelligent
b. boring
c. dishonest
d. amazing
2) Amy is trying to convince her mother to buy her a pair of $200 shoes. She says: “Mom, the shoes I
have are really old and ugly. If I don’t get these new shoes, everyone at school is going to laugh at
me. I will be so embarrassed that I will want to die.” What form of persuasion is Amy using here?
[2]
a. pathos
b. ethos
c. logos
d. a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos
3) According to the passage, logos can build ethos because [2]
a. an audience is more easily convinced by facts and information than simple appeals to emotions
like pity or fear.
b. an audience is more likely to trust a speaker who uses evidence to support his argument.
c. a speaker who overuses pathos might make an audience too emotional; audiences who are too
frightened or too sad are unlikely to be persuaded.
d. a speaker can use misleading or false information to make his argument seem more convincing.
5) According to the passage, the most effective tool of persuasion is [2]
a. ethos, because you cannot persuade an audience that does not trust you
b. logos, because it can also be used to build ethos
c. a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos
d. pathos, because human beings are most easily persuaded by e
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